A historical perspective on developing foundations iInfo(TM) information systems: iConsult(TM) and iEntertain(TM) apps using iDescribers(TM) information integration for iOrgs(TM) information systems

Technology now at hand can integrate all kinds of digital information for individuals, groups, and organizations so their information usefully links together. iInfoTM information integration works by making connections including examples like the following:  A statistical connection between “being in a traffic jam” and “driving in downtown Trenton between 5PM and 6PM on a weekday.”  A terminological connection between “MSR” and “Microsoft Research.”  A causal connection between “joining a group” and “being a member of the group.”  A syntactic connection between “a pin dropped” and “a dropped pin.”  A biological connection between “a dolphin” and “a mammal”.  A demographic connection between “undocumented residents of California” and “7% of the population of California.”  A geographical connection between “Leeds” and “England.”  A temporal connection between “turning on a computer” and “joining an on-line discussion.” By making these connections, iInfo offers tremendous value for individuals, families, groups, and organizations in making more effective use of information technology. In practice, integrated information is invariably pervasively inconsistent. Therefore iInfo must be able to make connections even in the face of inconsistency. The business of iInfo is not to make difficult decisions like deciding the ultimate truth or probability of propositions. Instead it provides means for processing information and carefully recording its provenance including arguments (including arguments about arguments) for and against propositions that is used by iConsult TM and iEntertain TM apps in iOrgs TM information systems. A historical perspective on the above questions is highly pertinent to the current quest to develop foundations for privacy-friendly client-cloud computing.